用Telegram打造自己的監控機器人－IoT 智慧生活的異想世界

這是一個比較冷門的通訊軟體Telegram (台灣比較少人用)，大家還是習慣用Line，它有一個機器人的功能還不錯用，可以雙向溝通，Line的部分只能單向傳送，雖然Line 也有bot，但是設定比較繁瑣，Telegram只要在app申請一個機器人它就會有一個token,利用token就能做個專屬的機器人。

今天是用ESP32-Cam做測試，打造一個自己的”哨兵”，只要在板子加一個PIR sensor，放在門禁管制位置，可以設置是否開啟警戒，只要有人進出，觸動PIR，機器人就能即時傳照片回報，目前沒有限制，(Line也可以，但是限制50張/1hr)，當然你可以隨時按拍照上傳目前的即時照片，這個後續可以串到鐵門...只要開門就觸發拍照，我還做了一個密碼管控，因為只有有人搜尋到你的機器人還是可以對它下指令，不用其他系統搭配，只要用Telegram app。

STEP 1. 先安裝Telegram 通訊 APP，網路上很多教學請自行參考～～～

https://www.kocpc.com.tw/archives/304043

STEP 2.進入Telegram 搜尋 BotFather，

輸入/newbot申請一個機器人
接下來幫機器人取個名字，中英文都可以～我取個 “哨兵”
接下來輸入機器人的帳號，他是有命名規則，必須是英數字，最後結尾必須是Bot 或是 _bot，要注意一下～
如果帳號重複就必須換個名字，成功了就會出現上面的畫面，紅色框框處就是機器人的API Token，把他複製起來，先存在其他地方，待會程式會用到。
注意不要洩漏你的Token，因為只要有這串Token就可以控制你的機器人。
最後搜尋你的機器人帳號，應該就可以找到，輸入一些文字，目前不會有反應，還需要寫一些程式去控制。
 
STEP 3. 將你的ESP32cam 線連接起來，因為ESP32cam板子需要用TTL寫入程式，另外我有外加一個PIR sensor 作為感測器。
PIR 是連接在GPIO 13
STEP 4. 上傳程式
首先Arduino IDE 要先安裝CTBOT的程式庫，
程式如下：

#include "WiFi.h"
#include "WiFiClientSecure.h"
#include "ArduinoOTA.h"
#include "soc/soc.h"
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"
#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "EEPROM.h"
#include "WiFiManager.h"
#define BOT_TOKEN_LENGTH 50
#define PassWord_LENGTH 12

//CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

#define FLASH_LED_PIN 4 //閃光燈
bool flashState = LOW; //閃光燈狀態

char botToken[BOT_TOKEN_LENGTH] = "";
char PassWordd[PassWord_LENGTH] = "";
char new_pass[PassWord_LENGTH] = "";
char orgpass[12] = "123456";
char masterid[12] = "";
const char TEXT_START[] =
  "***歡迎進入看哨兵系統***"
  "\n"
  "您可以輸入指令或是點擊按鈕"
  "\n"
  "啟動或關閉哨兵"
  "\n"
  "/startwatch  -啟動哨兵"
  "\n"
  "/stopwatch  -關閉哨兵"
  "\n"
  "/status       -哨兵狀態"
  "\n"
  "/photo        -拍照"
  "\n"
  "/setpass      -變更密碼"
  "\n"
  "/help           -指令列表";
WiFiClientSecure clientTCP;
#include "CTBot.h"
CTBot myBot;
CTBotReplyKeyboard myKbd;   // reply keyboard object helper
bool isKeyboardActive;

//flag for saving data
bool shouldSaveConfig = false;
bool firstime = true;
bool watchdog = false;
bool pass_status = true;
bool changepass = false;
bool check_pass = false;
bool check_again = false;
bool ota_flag = false;

uint8_t ledr = 33;
const int OTA_Pin = 16;//OTA
const int pir = 13;
const int BotresetPin = 14;
unsigned long ttime;
unsigned long senderID;
unsigned long masterID;
String chatId = ""; //設定傳圖片的ID
String BOTtoken = ""; //設定傳圖的token
String sendPhotoTelegram();
String Router_SSID;
String Router_Pass;
String testpass = "";
String Oldpass = "";

void saveConfigCallback () {
  Serial.println("Should save config");
  shouldSaveConfig = true;
}
void readBotTokenFromEeprom(int offset) {
  for (int i = offset; i < BOT_TOKEN_LENGTH; i++ ) {
    botToken[i] = EEPROM.read(i);
  }
  //EEPROM.commit();
}
void readPassWord() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++ ) {
    PassWordd[i] = EEPROM.read(i + 60);
  }
  //EEPROM.commit();
}
void readmasterid() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++ ) {
    masterid[i] = EEPROM.read(i + 80);
  }
  //EEPROM.commit();
}

void writeBotTokenToEeprom(int offset) {
  for (int i = offset; i < BOT_TOKEN_LENGTH; i++ ) {
    EEPROM.write(i, botToken[i]);
  }
  Serial.println("Write EEPROM.....");
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
    delay(200);
    digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
    delay(100);
  }
  EEPROM.commit();
}


void setup() {
  // initialize the Serial
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Starting TelegramBot...");
  EEPROM.begin(128);
  pinMode(pir, INPUT);
  pinMode(BotresetPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(ledr, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(FLASH_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(OTA_Pin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  digitalWrite(FLASH_LED_PIN, flashState);
  Serial.println("read bot token");
  readBotTokenFromEeprom(0);
  Serial.println(botToken);
  Serial.println("password");
  readPassWord();
  Serial.println(PassWordd);
  readmasterid();
  Serial.println(masterid);


  //wifimanager
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFiManager wm;
  wm.setDebugOutput(true);
  wm.setSaveConfigCallback(saveConfigCallback);
  WiFiManagerParameter custom_bot_id("botid", "Bot Token", botToken, 50);
  wm.addParameter(&custom_bot_id);
  wm.autoConnect("WatchDog");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();
  Serial.println(ip);
  strcpy(botToken, custom_bot_id.getValue());
  if (shouldSaveConfig) {
    writeBotTokenToEeprom(0);
  }
  //Start OTA 按住OTA鈕 燈閃3下放開進入OTA模式
  if (digitalRead(OTA_Pin) == LOW) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
      delay(500);
      digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
      delay(500);
    }
    delay(3000);
    if (digitalRead(OTA_Pin) == HIGH) {
      Serial.println("OTA.....");
      ota_flag = true;
      ArduinoOTA.onStart([]() {
        String type;
        if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH) {
          type = "sketch";
        } else { // U_FS
          type = "filesystem";
        }

        // NOTE: if updating FS this would be the place to unmount FS using FS.end()
        Serial.println("Start updating " + type);
      });
      ArduinoOTA.onEnd([]() {
        Serial.println("\nEnd");
      });
      ArduinoOTA.onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {
        Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));
      });
      ArduinoOTA.onError([](ota_error_t error) {
        Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error);
        if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) {
          Serial.println("Auth Failed");
        } else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) {
          Serial.println("Begin Failed");
        } else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) {
          Serial.println("Connect Failed");
        } else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) {
          Serial.println("Receive Failed");
        } else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) {
          Serial.println("End Failed");
        }
      });
      ArduinoOTA.begin();
      Serial.println("Ready");
      Serial.print("IP address: ");
      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    }
    delay(1000);
    if (digitalRead(OTA_Pin) == LOW) {//長按OTA鈕直到快閃6下，清除所有設定
      Serial.println("Reset.....");
      wm.resetSettings();
      for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++ ) {
        EEPROM.write(i, '\0');
      }
      EEPROM.commit();
      for (int i = 0; i < 6 ; i++) {
        digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
        delay(100);
        digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
        delay(200);
      }
      ESP.restart();
    }
  }
  else {
    // set the telegram bot token
    myBot.setTelegramToken(botToken);
    myBot.enableUTF8Encoding(true); //UTF8顯示中文
    // check if all things are ok
    if (myBot.testConnection()) {
      Serial.println("\ntestConnection OK");
      for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; ++i) {
        digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
        delay(200);
        digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
        delay(200);
      }
      digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
    }
    else {
      Serial.println("\ntestConnection NOK");
      // set the pin connected to the LED to act as output pin
      digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH); // turn off the led (inverted logic!)
    }
    myKbd.addButton("啟動哨兵");
    myKbd.addButton("關閉哨兵");
    myKbd.addButton("哨兵狀態");
    myKbd.addRow();
    myKbd.addButton("拍照");
    myKbd.addButton("指令列");
    myKbd.addButton("變更密碼");
    myKbd.enableResize();
    isKeyboardActive = false;

    //camra setting
    camera_config_t config;
    config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
    config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
    config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
    config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
    config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
    config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

    //init with high specs to pre-allocate larger buffers
    if (psramFound()) {
      config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA;
      config.jpeg_quality = 10;  //0-63 lower number means higher quality
      config.fb_count = 2;
      Serial.println("UXGA");
    } else {
      config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
      config.jpeg_quality = 12;  //0-63 lower number means higher quality
      config.fb_count = 1;
      Serial.println("SVGA");
    }

    // camera init
    esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
    if (err != ESP_OK) {
      Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
      digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
      delay(1000);
      ESP.restart();
    }

    // Drop down frame size for higher initial frame rate
    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    s->set_framesize(s, FRAMESIZE_SVGA);  // UXGA|SXGA|XGA|SVGA|VGA|CIF|QVGA|HQVGA|QQVGA

    //end camra setting
    //開機傳送訊息
    masterID = strtoul(masterid, NULL, 10);
    Serial.println(masterID);
      myBot.sendMessage(masterID, "哨兵系統啟動...請輸入密碼");
    Serial.println("哨兵開機完成");
  }
}

void loop() {
  // a variable to store telegram message data
  if (ota_flag) {
    ArduinoOTA.handle();
  }
  else {
    TBMessage msg;
    botreset();
    // 若接收到訊息
    if (myBot.getNewMessage(msg)) {
      // step1========================================================
      if (pass_status) { //啟動輸入密碼
        if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase(PassWordd))  {//驗證密碼
          pass_status = false;
          isKeyboardActive = true;
          senderID = msg.sender.id;
          String testpass = String(PassWordd); //設定傳圖ID
          String Oldpass = String(orgpass);//設定傳圖token
          Serial.println(testpass);
          Serial.println(Oldpass);
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, TEXT_START, myKbd);
          if (String(masterid) != String(msg.sender.id)) {
            String(msg.sender.id).toCharArray(masterid, 12);
            for (int i = 80, j = 0; i < 92 , j < 12; ++i, ++j) {
              EEPROM.write(i, masterid[j]);
            }
            EEPROM.commit();
            delay(100);
            Serial.println(String(masterid));
          }
        }
        else if (testpass == Oldpass)
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "請輸入密碼     (預設值:123456)");

        else
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "請輸入密碼");
      }
      // step2========================================================
      if (senderID == msg.sender.id) {
        if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/startwatch") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("啟動哨兵")) {
          digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "哨兵啟動");
          watchdog = true;
        }
        else if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/stopwatch") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("關閉哨兵")) {
          digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "哨兵關閉");
          watchdog = false;
        }
        else if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/status") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("哨兵狀態")) {
          if (watchdog)
            myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "哨兵防護中...");
          else
            myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "哨兵休息中...");
        }
        else if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/help") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("指令列")) {
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, TEXT_START);
        }
        else if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/photo") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("拍照")) {
          sendPhotoTelegram();
        }

        // step3========================================================
        else if (check_again) {
          if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase(new_pass)) {
            myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "密碼變更成功，請重新啟動");
            pass_status = true;
            for (int i = 60, j = 0; i < 72 , j < 12; ++i, ++j) {
              EEPROM.write(i, new_pass[j]);
            }
            EEPROM.commit();
            delay(100);
            ESP.restart();
          }
          else
            myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "密碼錯誤，請重新操作");
          check_again = false;
        }
        // step4========================================================
        else if (check_pass) {
          msg.text.toCharArray(new_pass, 12);
          myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "請再次輸入密碼");
          check_pass = false;
          check_again = true;
        }
        // step5========================================================
        else if (changepass) {
          if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase(PassWordd)) {
            myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "密碼正確，請輸入新密碼      (英數字6~12碼)");
            check_pass = true;
          }
          else
            myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "密碼錯誤，請重新操作");
          changepass = false;
        }
        else if (msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("/setpass") || msg.text.equalsIgnoreCase("變更密碼")) {
          changepass = true;
          myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "請輸入舊密碼");
        }
        //else{
        // myBot.sendMessage(msg.sender.id, "汪汪...");
        // }
      }
    } //mybot msg
    if (watchdog) {
      byte p = digitalRead(pir);
      if (p == HIGH) {
        sendPhotoTelegram();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; ++i) {
          digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
          delay(200);
          digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
          delay(200);
        }
        digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
        myBot.sendMessage(senderID, "注意注意...有人入侵");
        delay(1000);
      }
    }

    // wait 500 milliseconds
    delay(500);
  }
}

//************************
String sendPhotoTelegram() {
  const char* myDomain = "api.telegram.org";
  String getAll = "";
  String getBody = "";
  String chatId = String(senderID); //設定傳圖ID
  String BOTtoken = String(botToken);//設定傳圖token
  Serial.println(chatId);
  Serial.println(BOTtoken);
  camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
  if (!fb) {
    Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
    delay(1000);
    ESP.restart();
    return "Camera capture failed";
  }

  Serial.println("Connect to " + String(myDomain));

  if (clientTCP.connect(myDomain, 443)) {
    Serial.println("Connection successful");

    String head = "--RandomNerdTutorials\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"chat_id\"; \r\n\r\n" + chatId + "\r\n--RandomNerdTutorials\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"photo\"; filename=\"esp32-cam.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n";
    String tail = "\r\n--RandomNerdTutorials--\r\n";
    Serial.println(head);
    Serial.println(tail);
    uint16_t imageLen = fb->len;
    uint16_t extraLen = head.length() + tail.length();
    uint16_t totalLen = imageLen + extraLen;

    clientTCP.println("POST /bot" + BOTtoken + "/sendPhoto HTTP/1.1");
    Serial.println("POST /bot" + BOTtoken + "/sendPhoto HTTP/1.1");
    clientTCP.println("Host: " + String(myDomain));
    Serial.println("Host: " + String(myDomain));
    clientTCP.println("Content-Length: " + String(totalLen));
    Serial.println("Content-Length: " + String(totalLen));
    clientTCP.println("Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=RandomNerdTutorials");
    Serial.println("Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=RandomNerdTutorials");
    clientTCP.println();
    clientTCP.print(head);
    Serial.print(head);

    uint8_t *fbBuf = fb->buf;
    size_t fbLen = fb->len;
    for (size_t n = 0; n < fbLen; n = n + 1024) {
      if (n + 1024 < fbLen) {
        clientTCP.write(fbBuf, 1024);
        fbBuf += 1024;
      }
      else if (fbLen % 1024 > 0) {
        size_t remainder = fbLen % 1024;
        clientTCP.write(fbBuf, remainder);
      }
    }

    clientTCP.print(tail);

    esp_camera_fb_return(fb);

    int waitTime = 10000;   // timeout 10 seconds
    long startTimer = millis();
    boolean state = false;

    while ((startTimer + waitTime) > millis()) {
      Serial.print(".");
      delay(100);
      while (clientTCP.available()) {
        char c = clientTCP.read();
        if (c == '\n') {
          if (getAll.length() == 0) state = true;
          getAll = "";
        }
        else if (c != '\r') {
          getAll += String(c);
        }
        if (state == true) {
          getBody += String(c);
        }
        startTimer = millis();
      }
      if (getBody.length() > 0) break;
    }
    clientTCP.stop();
    Serial.println(getBody);
  }
  else {
    getBody = "Connected to api.telegram.org failed.";
    Serial.println("Connected to api.telegram.org failed.");
  }
  return getBody;
}
//***************

void botreset() {
  if (digitalRead(BotresetPin) == LOW)//重設密碼123456
    delay(1000);
  if (digitalRead(BotresetPin) == LOW) {
    //orgpass.toCharArray(PassWordd,12);
    for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++ ) {
      EEPROM.write(j + 60, orgpass[j]);
    }
    EEPROM.commit();
    WiFiManager wm;
    wm.resetSettings();
    Serial.println("Finished");
    for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++ ) {
      digitalWrite(ledr, HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(ledr, LOW);
      delay(100);
    }
    ESP.restart();
  }
}

==========================================================
程式上傳完成後，將ESP32cam reset，打開手機搜尋WiFi，找Watchdog，Configure WiFi

將WiFi密碼及Telegram 的Token填入

等待ESP32cam 重新啟動就完成了！




程式說明：	預設密碼 123456
若要修改指令列的內容可以直接修改
ESP32cam 背面有一個預設的led 連接GPIO33，設定當作指示燈用
若不想每次都要接TTL上傳程式，可用OTA的方式，需另外再加一個按鈕，按住OTA鈕 ，然後按一下reset， 燈慢閃3下放開進入OTA模式
若繼續長按OTA鈕直到快閃6下，清除所有設定
PIR sensor 連接GPIO13
若忘記密碼 GPIO 14 短接，當指示燈快閃可以清除密碼，(第一次上傳程式後請執行一次，將密碼改為預設值123456，要不然怎麼輸入都不行的)
WiFi SSID 名稱，可自行修改
Telegram 自訂按鈕，按鈕名稱可自行修改，254行是將按鈕分行，也可以變成3行
指令列跟程式內的文字要對應到，要不然機器人無法判讀
最後就發揮大家的創意，變成自己的監控機器人～～～
 
 